Rainmaker Know-how’s bid to deploy cloud-seeding flares on small drones is being met by resistance from the airline pilots union, which has urged the Federal Aviation Administration to contemplate denying the startup’s request until it meets stricter security tips.
The FAA’s determination will sign how the regulator views climate modification by unmanned aerial methods going ahead. Rainmaker’s guess on small drones hangs within the steadiness.
The Air Line Pilots Affiliation (ALPA) instructed the FAA that Rainmaker’s petition “fails to reveal an equal stage of security” and poses “an excessive security threat.”
Nonetheless, Rainmaker CEO Augustus Doricko mentioned an e mail that the entire union’s objections are primarily based on solely the general public discover, slightly than personal paperwork submitted to the FAA that define the entire firm’s security knowledge and threat mitigations.
Rainmaker is in search of an exemption from guidelines that bar small drones from carrying hazardous supplies. The startup filed in July, and the FAA has but to rule. As a substitute, it issued a follow-up request for info, urgent for specifics on operations and security.
In its submitting, Rainmaker proposed utilizing two flare varieties, one “burn-in-place” and the opposite ejectable, on its Elijah quadcopter, to disperse particles that stimulate precipitation. Elijah has a most altitude of 15,000 ft MSL (measured from sea stage), which sits inside managed airspace the place industrial airliners routinely fly. Drones want permission from Air Visitors Management to fly inside this bubble.
Rainmaker’s petition says it’s going to function in Class G (uncontrolled) airspace until in any other case approved. ALPA notes the submitting doesn’t clearly state the place flights would happen or what altitudes can be used. Nonetheless, Doricko mentioned the paperwork submitted to the FAA disclosed that along with the flights being constrained to a max altitude of 15,000 ft MSL, they are going to be performed in airspace that’s predetermined to be protected by aviation authorities, “voiding any cheap concern about excessive altitude flight or airspace coordination.” ALPA didn’t reply to TechCrunch’s requests for remark.
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The union additionally objects to the flares themselves, citing issues about international object particles and fireplace security. ALPA factors out that the petition doesn’t embody trajectory modeling of the ejectable casings or evaluation on the environmental impacts of chemical brokers.
“Concerning their objection to using flares, impartial our bodies like this administration’s EPA and a number of state departments of pure sources have studied the dispersion and environmental security of supplies utilized in cloud seeding for over 70 years and by no means discovered any adversarial impact from cloud seeding,” Doricko mentioned.
Sam Kim, Rainmaker’s aviation regulatory supervisor, mentioned the corporate respects the pilot’s union and hopes to “proceed to strengthen our relationship with the group,” however claimed the objection “reveals a lack of expertise of why Rainmaker has filed for this exemption.”
“Our use of flares in unmanned methods is solely for analysis functions in a managed flying setting and isn’t part of our bigger ongoing operations,” Kim added.
Doricko mentioned {that a} typical Rainmaker operation disperses 50-100 grams of silver iodide, and much lower than that in a flight with flares, whereas one hour of flight of a industrial airplane releases kilograms of uncombusted unstable organics, sulfur oxides, and soot – considerably extra materials than a Rainmaker op.
“Rainmaker is considering doing the perfect, accountable atmospheric analysis and is thus evaluating flares to our proprietary aerosol dispersion system that may change flares and solely emit silver iodide. ALPA’s objection to this exemplifies their restricted understanding of our CONOP, all of which incorporates in depth threat mitigations within the personal docs that the FAA is reviewing now,” Doricko mentioned.
“Concerning ALPA’s issues about coordination with aviation authorities and airspace, our flight operations encompass broadcasting indicators, intentional coordination with native ATC, licensed pilots, and a collision avoidance system that entails digital and bodily observers,” he mentioned.
Nonetheless, Rainmaker says the flights will happen over rural areas and over properties owned by non-public landlords “with whom Rainmaker has developed shut working relationships.”
Cloud-seeding already occurs right now, largely within the western U.S., with crewed airplanes flown in coordination with state companies. Ski resorts fee the operations to assist maintain their runs white, and irrigation and water districts fly them to construct snowpack within the winter to assist feed their reservoirs in the course of the spring soften.
The overall follow of cloud seeding dates again to the Nineteen Fifties. By spraying small particles into sure clouds, scientists discovered they may induce precipitation. Usually, cloud-seeding operations use silver iodide for the particles, largely as a result of they mimic the form of ice crystals.
When a silver iodide particle bumps into droplets of water which might be super-cooled, they trigger the droplet to quickly freeze as a result of its water is already beneath the freezing level. As soon as the ice crystal types, it could actually develop shortly if circumstances are proper, quicker than a liquid water droplet would in related circumstances. Plus, the speedy progress helps the crystals stick round longer than a water droplet, which could evaporate earlier than it has an opportunity to fall as precipitation.
Rainmaker’s twist — doing this work with drones as an alternative of pilots — may show safer in the long term. The corporate factors out that the flight profiles are tightly bounded, overseen by a distant pilot and skilled crews, over rural areas, with different security checks in place.
What occurs subsequent hinges on whether or not the FAA thinks these mitigations are enough. Nonetheless it’s determined, the company’s response will probably set the tone for novel cloud-seeding approaches.
9/13/2025: The story has been up to date to incorporate Rainmaker’s feedback from Augustus Doricko, founder and CEO, and Sam Kim, Rainmaker’s aviation regulatory supervisor.